Cellular senescence is a biological phenomenon where cells undergo a state of irreversible growth arrest, ceasing to divide and replicate. This process is often triggered by various factors, including DNA damage, stress and telomere shortening. While senescence initially serves as a protective mechanism against unchecked cell proliferation (multiplication), the accumulation of senescent cells over time contributes to ageing and age-related diseases.

Senescent cells exhibit distinct characteristics, such as an altered gene expression profile and the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP can induce inflammation and negatively impact neighboring cells, leading to tissue dysfunction and contributing to the ageing process.

The presence of senescent cells has been linked to various age-related conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Researchers are exploring strategies to target and eliminate senescent cells, known as senolytics, to promote healthy ageing. The goal is to enhance tissue function and reduce the burden of senescent cells, potentially slowing down age-related degeneration and improving overall health in the process. Understanding cellular senescence is a crucial aspect of unraveling the complexities of ageing and developing interventions to promote healthier and more resilient cellular function.