Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine that plays a crucial role in cell growth, cell regeneration and cell recycling. As the body ages, its own production of Spermidine decreases. Scientific studies suggest that Spermidine promotes autophagy, a natural process that removes damaged and malfunctioning cellular components in the body. Spermidine supplementation also promotes cardiovascular health and brain health.

✔️ In 2018, a human clinical trial investigated the effect of spermidine on memory loss in older adults at risk of dementia. The study found that memory performance improved after 3 months of spermidine supplementation compared with a placebo.

✔️ In 2021, these findings were reinforced during a scientific study in which researchers described the availability of nutritional spermidine in the diet as a potent strategy to prevent the course of age-related cognitive decline.

✔️ A 2023 study using 15mg spermidine supplementation suggests that it is unlikely that spermidine supplements with low doses exert any short-term effects. This latest study shows that a high dosage of spermidine (10-15 mg daily) is needed for efficacy.

Arginine is an amino acid that helps the body to build protein. Found in most protein rich foods, Arginine is also made in the body as needed.  Studies report that orally administered Arginine enhances polyamine production by intestinal bacteria, inhibits systemic inflammation and promotes memory as well as longevity.

✔️ A scientific study reported that orally administered arginine, a precursor of polyamines, enhanced polyamine production by intestinal bacteria, inhibited systemic inflammation, promoted memory and prolonged longevity in mice.

Bifidobacterium Animalis / LKM512 is a beneficial probiotic, that plays a crucial role in supporting digestive health by promoting a healthy balance of gut bacteria. It has also been associated with strengthening the immune system. LKM512 also produces lactic and acetic acid, which can help break down food, absorb nutrients and fight off disease-causing organisms.

✔️ It was reported that the administration of LKM512 in mice increased polyamine levels in the intestine and significantly extended lifespan, which was associated with the downregulation of inflammation-associated genes and improvement of intestinal barrier function.

Zinc is an essential trace element present in all bodily tissue and is needed for healthy cell division. Additionally it plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system, aiding in the production of immune cells and antibodies.

✔️ Zinc acts like an antioxidant within the body, fighting free radical damage and slowing the ageing process. It also helps to increase immunity, balance hormones, support blood vessels and liver health, and assist with muscle growth and repair.

NMN is a naturally occurring molecule and a driving force in the body’s production of NAD+. This coenzyme is crucial for the functioning of our mitochondria, the power plants in our cells, that turn food and oxygen into energy. The deficiency of NAD+ can lead to cellular energy loss and potential health issues, including age related metabolic disorders, mental disorders and
neurodegenerative diseases.

✔️ NMN has its very own transporter, SLC12A8, which shuttles the NMN molecule directly into the cells where it’s used for NAD+ production.

Nicotinamide is a form of B3 vitamin and known to inhibit important longevity promoting proteins within cells called Sirtuins.

Sirtuins are important NAD-dependent enzymes critical in cellular metabolism and cellular repair processes. Nicotinamide can be converted into NAD+ through a two step process via the salvage pathway.

NAD+ plays a vital role in energy metabolism. NAD+ is particularly crucial for the functioning of our mitochondria, the power plants in our cells that turn our food and oxygen into energy.

In simple terms, NAD+ grabs an electron from one molecule to form NADH. NADH then donates that electron to another molecule, making it NAD+ again. This function helps the body's enzymes function and that helps keep your body healthy.

While the body has the ability to produce NAD+, human clinical studies have shown that this ability declines with age.

✔️ By the time we reach 50 years, our NAD levels are only half the levels we had when we were 20 years old — and the decline starts as early as our 30s. 

Nicotinic Acid also known as Niacin, supports cardiovascular health by helping to lower levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol. Additionally Niacin is involved in energy metabolism, aiding in the conversion of food into energy and it contributes to the maintenance of healthy skin, nerves and digestive system.

✔️ Nicotinic acid or ‘niacin’, is a form of B3 vitamin that uses a three-step pathway, known as Preiss-Handler pathway, through the cell to convert into NAD+.

Fisetin is known for its powerful anti-oxidant properties, meaning it can help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. This plays a vital role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative damage. Fisetin is also a well-studied senolytic compound that can clear away senescent cells. These were previously normal cells that became too damaged. Instead of dying, senescent cells linger in the body and damage healthy surrounding cells.

✔️ It has also been studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, neuroprotective effects, cancer prevention and cardiovascular health benefits.

Quercetin is a major flavonoid antioxidant, which plays an important part in fighting free radical damage, the effects of ageing and inflammation. It is also crucial in regulating the immune system's response to outside stressors.

Quercetin has a potential effect to combat cellular senescence. Senescent cells play a considerable role in the ageing process and damage healthy surroundings, as well as stem cells.

✔️ As a major bioflavonoid, Quercetin helps slow the ageing process because it lessens the effects of oxidative stress on the body. Quercetin plays a role in regulating the immune system’s response to external stress through cell signaling pathways called kinases and phosphatases, two types of enzyme and membrane proteins needed for proper cellular function.

Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid and antioxidant found particularly in leafy greens like spinach and kale. Beyond eye health, Lutein also exhibits antioxidant characteristics, contributing to overall health by neutralizing free radicals and potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases.

✔️ It is known for potential health benefits including reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration and supporting eye health.

The human body can’t produce vitamin B12 itself, so we find this nutrient by consuming animal-based foods such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products. In plant-based foods, vitamin B12 is only present in small traces.

✔️ Deficiencies in vitamin B12 is more common in older people, affecting around 1 in 10 people. These deficiencies can also be present in younger people who follow a vegan diet. B12 deficiency may develop years after switching to a plant-based diet.

✔️ In addition, an insufficient intake of vitamin B12 can occur due to diseases or as a side effect of medications (for example, certain gastric acid-inhibiting drugs or diabetes medication).

Coenzyme Q10 is a major player in energy metabolism processes and an important antioxidant of mitochondria, the power plant of cells. Q10 reduces oxidative stress and by doing so, helps protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Studies suggest that Q10 supplementation may have potential benefits for cardiovascular health, while also showing promise in managing certain neurodegenerative disorders.

✔️ Oxidative damage to mitochondria can contribute to the development of degenerative diseases, including those of the brain and nervous system such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.

✔️ In combination with other antioxidants, Q10 keeps blood vessels more elastic, which lowers blood pressure and has a positive effect on sugar and fat metabolism.

Astaxanthin is one of the most effective natural antioxidants, being 6,000 times stronger than vitamin C and 550 times stronger than vitamin E. At the same time, it works against chronic inflammation. Numerous studies have shown that Astaxanthin can assist in the prevention of diabetes mellitus and male infertility. Its potent anti-inflammatory properties contribute to
cardiovascular well-being and joint functions.

✔️ Astaxanthin is one of the most effective natural antioxidants and incredibly powerful when compared to other common vitamins and nutrients.

✔️ Additionally Astaxanthin is recognized for promoting skin health, protecting against UV damage and supporting a youthful appearance. 

The hormone melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), occurs naturally in the human body and serves as our internal clock to regulate the sleep-wake rhythm. Melatonin is produced from serotonin by the pineal gland (epiphysis), a part of the interbrain (diencephalon).

✔️ While the stress hormone cortisol keeps us awake during the day, melatonin shortens the time it takes to fall asleep, improves sleep, prolongs sleep duration, and alleviates feelings of ‘jet lag’.